Neutrinos In Particle Physics, Astronomy And Co...
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Naoko Kurahashi Neilson is an associate professor in the Department of Physics at Drexel University. Professor Kurahashi Neilson's research centers on high-energy neutrinos, high-energy particle astrophysics and particle physics. Kurahashi Neilson's efforts are mainly involved in the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory. She also contributes to BL3, a next-generation beam neutron lifetime experiment, and P-ONE, the Pacific Ocean Neutrino Observatory, an ocean neutrino telescope. Kurahashi Neilson earned her PhD by listening acoustically to extremely high-energy neutrinos in the Bahamian ocean. Her research group at Drexel works to resolve high-energy neutrino sources in the sky.
The American Physical Society meeting on astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology and particle physics, the so-called April meeting, closes today in Washington DC. The IceCube Collaboration has presented brand new results on neutrino oscillations that are comparable in precision to long-baseline neutrino experiments. From WIPAC, many PhD students and more senior staff presented results about IceCube, including the masterclass, along with results on CTA and Fermi.
The team used an innovative approach to calculate the mass of neutrinos by using data collected by both cosmologists and particle physicists. This included using data from 1.1 million galaxies from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) to measure the rate of expansion of the universe, and constraints from particle accelerator experiments.
The MINERvA group conducted their experiments using a high-power, high-energy particle accelerator, located at Fermilab. The accelerator produces the strongest source of high-energy neutrinos on the planet.
My research is mainly in the areas of particle physics and astrophysics, where I am building on the advances that have been made by myself and others in neutrino detection technology. Neutrinos are one of the most common particles in the universe (thought to outnumber atoms by about a billion to one), but yet one of the least understood. We are now in a \"golden age\" of neutrino science in that there are many experiments currently running, and a new wave of new facilities and experiments in the works. These range from small(-ish) scale low background experiments in deep mines, to billion-dollar scale international facilities now under construction in the U.S., Japan, and China. In addition to experiments in fundamental particle and nuclear physics, these new facilities also seek to exploit the potential of neutrinos as astrophysical messengers. Areas include solar neutrinos, galactic and cosmological core collapse supernovae neutrinos, and aven a megaton scale detector under the ice at the South Pole to detect Ultra-High-Energy neutrinos from AGN's and other as yet unknown sources.Given the breadth of the field, it is not so surprising that over the course of my career I have performed experiments at underground laboratories in the U.S., Japan, and Europe; utilized the KEK, LANSCE, CERN, and FNAL accelerator facilities; and have even had two cycles as a NASA-funded guest observer on an orbiting gamma ray telescope (CGRO). Thus, I have taught introductory planetary and stellar astronomy many times in my career in addition to physics, and have on-going collaborations with researchers in chemistry at Brookhaven (BNL) and Lawrence Berkeley (LBNL) National Labs. Along with \"pure\" science, I am also interested in continuing to advance particle detector technology both for societal reasons (e.g. nuclear nonproliferation) and for the great opportunity such research offers to mentor students in a hands-on laboratory environment.
\"We've discovered neutrinos from a brand-new source - particle colliders,\" said UCI particle physicist and FASER Collaboration Co-Spokesman Jonathan Feng, who initiated the project, which involves over 80 researchers at UCI and 21 partner institutions.
When neutrinos enter the detectors and smash into the argon nuclei, they produce charged particles. Those particles leave ionization traces in the liquid, which can be seen by sophisticated tracking systems able to create three-dimensional pictures of otherwise invisible subatomic processes.
''We've discovered neutrinos from a brand-new source - particle colliders,'' said UCI particle physicist and FASER Collaboration Co-Spokesman Jonathan Feng, who initiated the project, which involves over 80 researchers at UCI and 21 partner institutions.
We have demonstrated that the cryogenic calorimeter technique is scalable to tonne-scale detector masses and multi-year measurement campaigns, while maintaining low radioactive backgrounds. Next-generation calorimetric 0νββ decay searches exploiting these developments are planned. Among these, CUPID (CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification)41 will use the same cryogenic infrastructure as CUORE, replacing the TeO2 crystals with scintillating \\({{\\rm{Li}}}_{2}^{100}{{\\rm{MoO}}}_{4}\\) crystals and exploiting the scintillation light for greater than 100-fold active suppression of the α background42,43. In parallel, the AMoRE collaboration aims to build a large-mass calorimetric 0νββ decay experiment in Korea44. In general, the possibility to cool large detector payloads paired with the low energy thresholds achievable by cryogenic calorimeters will benefit next-generation projects at the frontier of particle physics, for example dark matter searches such as SuperCDMS45 and CRESST46, and low-energy observatories exploiting CEνNS for solar and supernova neutrino studies47 and neutrino flux monitoring of nuclear reactors48.
Do neutrinos changeIn order to increase sensitivity to cosmic neutrinos, Koshiba constructed a larger detector, Super Kamiokande, which came into operation in 1996. This experiment has recently observed effects of neutrinos produced within the atmosphere, indicating a completely new phenomenon, neutrino oscillations, in which one kind of neutrino can change to another type. This implies that neutrinos have a non-zero mass, which is of great significance for the Standard Model of elementary particles and also for the role that neutrinos play in the universe. It could also explain why Davis did not detect as many neutrinos as he had expected.
In a a significant scientific achievement, a team of physicists from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) has detected neutrinos generated by a high-energy particle collider. This invention is expected to expand our knowledge of these subatomic particles, which are integral to the process of stellar combustion.
This breakthrough discovery will deepen our understanding of neutrinos and their role in the universe. The findings could lead to new insights into the fundamental laws of physics and have implications for areas such as particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology.
The discovery could also provide a window on distant parts of the universe by shedding light on cosmic neutrinos that travel large distances and collide with the Earth. \"They can tell us about deep space in ways we can't learn otherwise,\" said Jamie Boyd, a particle physicist at CERN and co-spokesman for FASER.
The landmark discovery, made by CERN's Forward Search Experiment (FASER) collaboration and presented in a Nov. 24 paper in the journal Physical Review D, is not just the first time that neutrinos have been seen inside the LHC, but it's also the first time they've been found inside any particle accelerator. The breakthrough opens up a completely new window through which scientists can investigate the subatomic world.
\"Prior to this project, no sign of neutrinos has ever been seen at a particle collider,\" study co-author Jonathan Feng, a physics professor at the University of California, Irvine and co-leader of the FASER collaboration, said in a statement. \"This significant breakthrough is a step toward developing a deeper understanding of these elusive particles and the role they play in the universe.\"
But despite their ubiquity, the particles remain hard to catch. Because neutrinos have no electrical charge and almost zero mass, they barely interact with other types of matter. True to their ghostly nickname, neutrinos view the universe's regular matter as incorporeal, and they fly through it at close to the speed of light.
But while experiments like these are great for detecting the signatures of neutrinos that stream through Earth from the sun, they still leave scientists with very little insight into the types of high-energy neutrinos produced when particles smash into each other inside particle accelerators. To find these homegrown neutrinos, the scientists at the FASER collaboration created a new detector called the FASERnu.
The FASERnu is like a particle-detecting s'more, made up of dense metal plates of lead and tungsten that sandwich multiple layers of light-detecting gunk called emulsion. First, the neutrinos crash into the atomic nuclei in the dense metal plates to produce their particle byproducts. Then, according to Feng, the emulsion layers work in a similar way to old-fashioned photographic film, reacting with the neutrino byproducts to imprint the traced outlines of the particles as they zip through them.
Now that they've struck upon a winning detector, the physicists have started building an even bigger version of it, which they say will not only be a lot more sensitive to spotting the elusive particles, but will also be able to detect the difference between neutrinos and their antimatter opposites, antineutrinos. When the LHC powers up again in 2022, they plan to use the detector to study the neutrinos produced by the particle accelerator in-depth.
Astronomers have long studied this rarely witnessed process. In the twentieth century, particle physicists discovered that neutrinos, lightweight particles produced in massive quantities in supernovas, are the first to evacuate during supernova explosions.
During this catastrophic scrunch, physics get strange. Magnetic fields increase exponentially, particles are created en masse, and matter becomes so dense that even neutrinos begin to interact with other neutrinos. 59ce067264